ABSTRACT

Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are usually asymptomatic and the cause of 30-60 % of the end stage renal failure in various societies. We aimed to share the long-term epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients with CAKUT.

A total of 4625 CAKUT patients, out of 11725 patients aged 0-18 years who were followed up by Kocaeli University School of Medicine Pediatric Nephrology Department between April 2002 and January 2016 were included in the study. In total, 4625 patients with CAKUT were diagnosed and transient hydronephrosis was detected in 4164 patients. These patients were excluded from our study. The records of the patients studied were retrospectively evaluated and analyzed by SPSS 20.0 program.

CAKUT frequency was 3.9%. The male / female ratio of the cases was 48.8% (225) / 51.2% (236). VUR was detected in 31.5% (145) patients,71.7% (104) were female and 28.3% (41) male. Hydronephrosis was present in 75 (16.2%) patients. The antenatal diagnosis rate of these patients was 30.7% (23). UPJ obstruction 26 (70.2%) and VUR 21 (14.4%) were the most common congenital renal and urinary system anomalies associated with hydronephrosis. 50.5% (233) of the cases had a history of urinary tract infection. This frequency was significantly higher in patients with VUR diagnosed as 90.3%. Chronic kidney disease was present in 8 patients. The underlying cause in 4 (50%) of these patients was VUR.

In recent years, the prevalence of transient hydronephrosis has been frequently reported with the widespread use of antenatal USG. Therefore, patients with CAKUT who have a high risk of chronic kidney disease in the long-term should be separated from transient hydronephrosis and followed up at tertiary care reference centers with pediatric nephrology and pediatric urology.