Öz
Giriş
Kedi ve köpek alerjenleri, çocukluk çağında alerjik hastalıkların gelişimi için önemli risk faktörleri olan inhalan alerjenler arasındadır. Son yıllarda evcil hayvan (kedi, köpek vs.) sahiplenerek evde bakma alışkanlıklarında artış gözlenmektedir. Bu nedenlerle bölgemizde 0-18 yaş astımlı çocuklarda kedi ve köpek alerjen duyarlılıklarının görülme sıklığının ve ilişkili özelliklerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Çalışmaya Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Alerji Bilim Dalı’na başvuran ve astım tanısı konulan 880 astımlı çocuk hasta (0-18 yaş) dahil edildi. Astımlı çocuk hastaların kedi allerjeni, köpek allerjeni ve diğer inhalan alerjenlere duyarlılıkları (deri prick testleri sonuçlarına göre), cinsiyet, yaş, ve serum total IgE düzeyleri, eşlik eden diğer alerjik hastalıkların varlığı, retrospektif olarak incelendi.
Bulgular
Çalışmaya %39’u (n=343) kız, %61’i (n=537) erkek toplam 880 astım tanılı çocuk alındı. Astıma en sık eşlik eden alerjik hastalık alerjik rinit (n=402, %44,9) idi. Astımlı çocuklarda deri prik testleri ile en az bir inhalan alerjene duyarlılık durumu (atopi varlığı) %55,7 (n=490) oranında saptandı. Tüm çalışma popülasyonunda kedi alerjenine duyarlılık %8,3 (n=73) oranında saptandı. Kedi alerjenine duyarlılığın yaşlara göre dağılımı; 0-3 yaş grubunda %3,7, 4-6 yaş grubunda %6,7, 7-12 yaş grubunda %14,5, 13-18 yaş grubunda %9,8 oranlarında idi. Tüm çalışma popülasyonunda köpek alerjenine duyarlılık 41 (%4,7) çocukta bulundu, yaşlara göre dağılımı; 0-3 yaş grubunda %2,4, 4-6 yaş grubunda %2,7, 7-12 yaş grubunda %8,7, 13-18 yaş grubunda ise %6,5 oranlarında bulundu. Kedi ve/veya köpek allerjeni duyarlılığı saptanma oranlarının genel olarak yaş ile artma eğiliminde olduğu görülmüştür. Kedi ve/veya köpek duyarlılığı oranları erkek çocuklarda daha yüksek oranlarda idi, ancak sadece köpek alerjeni için istatistiksel anlamlı fark bulundu.
Sonuç
Bursa bölgesindeki astımlı çocuklarda kedi ve köpek allerjisi görülme oranlarının dikkate alınması gereken belirgin oranlarda bulunduğu saptandı. Kedi ve köpek alerjen duyarlılıklarının yaşla birlikte artması, bu hastaların takibinde bu durumun gözönünde tutulması ve hastaların bu açılardan yaş artışı ile birlikte tekrar değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini düşündürmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Çocuk, astım, kedi, köpek, alerjen, duyarlılık
Kaynakça
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